Ayurveda management of oro-facial herpes: a case report

Viral infections are one of the challenging health hazards of the present medical care. One among such viral infections is “Oro-facial Herpes”, caused by the Varicella Zoster Virus (HSV-1). This case report shows the successful treatment of “Oro-facial herpes” and its complication only through Ayurveda. In which, there will be closed grouped vesicles on an erythematous base in the dermatomal pattern, with burning type of pain. The condition in Ayurveda can be co- related to ‘Visarpa’. We present a case of 72-year, male, with sudden onset of edema over upper gums, with 3 to 4 vesicles over the left upper lip, left part of face within 2 days, along with reduced sensation to touch and temperature. The patient had redness, watering and burning sensation of left eye. Clinically the patient was diagnosed with “Oro- Facial Herpes”. As pitta dosha and raktadhatu vitiation was noticed the case was managed by Nitya pitta rechaka (cholegogue), the dravy’s with tikta, sheetaveerya and ruksha in nature. The patient showed improvement over 5 months of treatment from 10-Apr to 15-Aug-2018. The complaints of pain in the lesions reduced from 8 to 2, headache from 8 to 1 (VAS) and burning sensation reduced by 90%.

Effects of the Six Months of Programmed Exercise Therapy on Cardio-respiratory Endurance and Neurophysiological Variables in Asymptomatic Young Adults Diagnosed Newly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – ARandomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: In the 21st Century,a large proportion of India’s population belongs to the younger age groupthat’s why called Young India. Before being diagnosed as diabetic, the individual goes through the pre-diabetic period or impaired glucose tolerance phase for almost 4- 5 years which includes acute episodesof hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. These acute episodes may lead to micro-vascular diseases resultingin deficits in cardiorespiratory endurance and neurophysiological variables. Targeting young Type 2 DiabetesMellitus (T2DM) patients with exercise therapy may delay the onset and complications and provide them witha better quality of life. Therefore, the present study has assessed, in a randomized manner, the impact ofexercise therapy on cardiorespiratory endurance and neurophysiological functions in young adults of agegroup 20-45 years with T2DM.Objectives: To study the effects of six months structured exercise therapy on cardiorespiratory enduranceand neurophysiological variables in young adults of age 20-45 years with newly diagnosed T2DM on dietarycontrol and anti-diabetic drug of age groupMaterial & Methods: The study was conducted in the Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology onnewly diagnosed asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of age group 20-45 years. Studyparticipants were recruited from the OPD, Department of Medicine, KLE’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital andResearch Centre. Recruitment started from the period of April 2017 ended in October 2018 Ethical approvalwas obtained from the institutional ethical committee. Written Informed consent was obtained from allparticipants. The patients were enrolled as per inclusion criteria and then randomly divided into diabeticcontrols and Interventional group. The interventional group was given six months of structured exerciseprogram consisting of aerobic and resistance exercises. The primary study variables were Cardio-respiratoryEndurance variables viz; Physical Fitness Index (PFI) and Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 maximum) andNeuro- Physiological Variables viz; Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) and Audio-Visual Reaction Time (ARTand VRT). The data were collected at baseline and 6th months for both groups and 2nd, 4th month for theinterventional group.

New clues into the mechanisms of rice domestication

Domestication of rice involved incorporation of specific yield-related changes in wild species of rice. This agriculturalprocess has been of significant interest for plant biologists. The recent advance in genomics has provided new tools toinvestigate the genetic basis and consequences of domestication. Several genes involved in domestication and diversification process have been characterized, and as expected, this list is over-represented by transcription factors and their cofactors. Most often the modification orchestrated expression levels of genes such as those coding for transcription factors. Ithas been proposed that transcriptional regulators and their regulation is likely a major theme controlling morphologicaldifferences between crops and their progenitors. However, recent data indicate that single amino acid changes in genescoding for key proteins as well as epigenetic and small RNA-mediated pathways also contributed towards domesticationassociated phenotypes.

Smile Correction Using Lip Repositioning, Crown Lengthening And Depigmentation

The aim of this case report was to evaluate the clinical outcomes following modified lip repositioning and gingivectomy along with depigmentation in a patient with excessive gingival display. A 22 year old female patient came with the chief complaint of gummy smile and blackened gums. On evaluation, the patient presented with hyperactive lip and moderate vertical maxillary excess. Aless invasive modified lip repositioning procedure was carried out. A partial thickness strip of mucosa was removed leaving the midline frenum intact and the lip mucosa was sutured to the mucogingival line. As the clinical crown length was shorter than the anatomic crown length, crown lengthening by gingivectomy was performed. Laser depigmentation was carried out to treat gingival hyperpigmentation. The patient was evaluated after 2 weeks, 1 and 6 months respectively. An approximate reduction in gingival display of around 3 mm was found and the results were stable at the end of 6 months. Gingival repigmentation had occurred at the end of 6 months, therefore depigmentation procedure was repeated inorder to the maintain the esthetics. In this case, we emphasize on the stable and satisfactory treatment outcome of a non invasive approach made to treat excessive gingival display instead of more invasive surgical treatment.

Lumbar Spinal Canal Measurements By Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) In Indian Population

Introduction: Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is the progressive narrowing of spinal canal that causes compression of nerve roots. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to assess patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis. The aim of the study is to determine the normal sagittal and transverse diameter of the lumbar spinal canal and depth of the lateral recess in asymptomatic population by using MR imaging of the lumbosacral spine and to arrive at a reference lower limit of normal values at each level. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on one hundred and five patients. MRI scan was performed on 1.5 T scanner. Measurements were performed on T1- weighted and T2-weighted fast spin echo sequences in axial and sagittal planes. Results: In our study narrowest mid sagittal diameter was at L4-L5 (10.9 mm) in males and L5-S1 (10.8 mm) females. There is no significant difference noted in the mid sagittal diameter and transverse diameter between males and females. Lateral recess depths showed a significant difference between the two groups at L2-L3 on right side and L4-L5 on left side. Conclusion: The mean values for the normal spinal canal diameters (SCD) and lateral rescess depth in our population are similar to data from other literature.

Effect of yoga on autonomic functions in medical students: a pilot study.

Background: Stress and anxiety being the major contributors of morbidity, leads to many chronic diseases and is known to invariably decrease the quality of life and even life span. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), a part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the visceral system, functioning largely under the level of consciousness, capable of being influenced by the psychological factors and influences the physiological processes happening in the body. Non-pharmacological therapies play a major role to relieve stress and anxiety of which yoga takes first place compared to pharmacological treatment. Present study adopts a systematic approach in comparing the effects of practicing yoga for one year with novices on autonomic and respiratory variables. Methods: We recruited sixty subjects from the Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences, Ujire and their mean age group is 18.8 ± 2.3 fulfilling the selection criteria, after they gave written consent to participate. They were divided into 2 groups based on their experience of practicing yoga. Each group consisted of 30 subjects. Group 1 includes participants with no experience in yoga (Novices group) and Group 2 (Yoga group) includes individuals with one year experience of practicing yoga. Each group consists of 17 males and 13 females respectively. The study was approved by the ethical review committee. Informed written consent was obtained from all subjects. All students were subjected to Onetime Assessment for autonomic variables and respiration at base line and during deep breathing. Results: In our study we observed that there was a significant decrease in heart rate (P = 0.004***) following intervention in yoga group compared to novice group. There was a significant difference in Respiration rate (P = 0.003***) and Mean RR (P = 0.002***) which indicate increase parasympathetic activity in yoga group compared to novice group. There is also a significant difference in time domain parameter PNN50 (P = 0.030*) which is an indicator of parasympathetic activity. There was no significant difference in other time domain and frequency domain parameter. Conclusion: Practicing yoga regularly for one year can reduce the physiological arousal and develops the ability to adapt to a demanding situation.

Anti-inflammtory activity of Ocimum Sanctum (linn) in formalin induced acute models of albino rats.

The inflammatory process is the response to an injurious stimulus. It can be evoked by a wide variety of noxious agents (e.g., infections, antibodies, physical injuries). Many nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin, phenylbutazone, indomethacin etc. are in clinical use but all these are not completely devoid of adverse effects2. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of 0. sanctum alone and in combination with indomethacin was studied using formalin-induced rat paw edema. Aqueous extract of O. sanctum (200mg/kg, 300mg/kg or 400mg/kg) was administered alone and in combination with indomethacin (25mg/kg) to separate group of rats and paw volume was measured by plethysmometer and compared with control group. All the test groups showed significant (P<0.05) anti-inflammatory effect in formalin-induced rat paw edema. The reduction of edema by 0. sanctum was better than that of the standard anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin and on co-administration marginally improved the anti-inflammatory profile of indomethacin. O.sanctum possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity probably due to inhibition of both cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism (dual inhibitory property).

Ameliorating Effect of Black Tea Extract on Cadmium Chloride-induced Alteration of Serum Lipid Profile and Liver Histopathology in Rats.

Cadmium is one among the most environmental pollutants that affects many organs like kidney, liver and testis. The present study was aimed to assess the simultaneous effects of black tea extracts (BTE) on cadmium chloride induced alterations in lipid profile and liver histology. Adult rats were divided into four groups (n=6/group), group I (normal saline), group II (CdCl2, 1.0 mg/kg, b.wt; i.p), group III (black tea extract, 2.5 gm tea leaf/dl of water that is 2.5% of aqueous BTE) and group IV (cadmium chloride + BTE). Cadmium chloride intoxicated rats showed significant increase in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and there is a significant decrease in the serum high density lipoproteincholesterol. In the liver, cadmium chloride showed changes in normal architecture, swollen hepatocytes, kupffer cells hyperplasia, dilation and congestion of central vein. Oral administration of black tea extracts with cadmium chloride significantly improves lipid profile and liver architecture as compared to the cadmium chloride group. The results indicate that BTE is beneficial in preventing cadmium-induced lipid alterations and hepatocellular damage.

A comparison of the efficacy and safety of timolol in combination with dorzolamide, brimonidine or latanoprost in patients of primary open angle glaucoma.

The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of timolol with dorzolamide, brimonidine or latanoprost in patients of primary open angle glaucoma. This prospective, observational study was conducted over one and a half year at the Regional Eye Institute, in patients of primary open angle glaucoma who were prescribed dorzolamide (2%) and timolol (0.5%) (DT), brimonidine (0.1%) and timolol (0.5%) (BT) or latanoprost (0.005%) and timolol (0.5%) (LT). Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) and indirect ophthalmoscopy was done at baseline and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Efficacy was assessed by the degree of reduction in intraocular pressure and change in cup-disc ratio. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), if any, were recorded. The data was analysed using Student’s ‘t’ test and one-way ANOVA test. P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Total number of 35 patients in DT group, 34 in BT group and 32 in LT group completed the study. At the end of 6 months, average reduction in IOP levels was 7.83, 9.39 and 9.73mmHg in DT, BT and LT groups respectively. Thus, a percent reduction of 29.4, 35.6 and 36.2 from baseline was observed in these groups respectively. While the reduction was maximum in LT group, there was no statistically significant difference between any of the groups at 1, 3 or 6 months. A total of 47 ADRs were reported, none of which required discontinuation. All three combinations are effective in reducing the IOP level in patients of primary open angle glaucoma and none appear to be superior to the others.

Temporal cytokine expression and the target organ attributes unravel novel aspects of autoimmune arthritis.

Susceptibility to autoimmunity is determined by multiple factors. Defining the contribution of the quantitative versus qualitative aspects of antigen-directed immune responses as well as the factors influencing target organ susceptibility is vital to advancing the understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. In a series of studies, we have addressed these issues using the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lewis rats are susceptible to AA following immunization with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, whereas Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats of the same MHC (major histocompatibility complex) haplotype are resistant. Comparative studies on these and other susceptible/resistant rodent strains have offered interesting insights into differential cytokine responses in the face of comparable T cell proliferative response to the disease relevant antigens. Study of the cytokine kinetics have also permitted validation of the disease-protective versus disease-aggravating effects of specific cytokines by treatment of rats/mice with those cytokines at different phases of the disease. In regard to the target organ attributes, the migration of arthritogenic leukocytes into the joints; the expression of mediators of inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue damage; the role of vascular permeability; and the characteristics of vascular endothelial cells have been examined. Further, various inhibitors of angiogenesis are effective in suppressing arthritis. Taken together, the differential cytokine responses and unique attributes of the target organ have revealed novel aspects of disease susceptibility and joint damage in AA. The translation of this basic research in animal models to RA patients would not only advance our understanding of the disease process, but also offer novel avenues for immunomodulation of this disease.

A prospective, open labeled, comparative study to assess the efficacy of montelukast as add on to β2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid in patients of moderate persistent asthma.

Background: Steroid, bronchodilator and the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast have demonstrated efficacy in children with mild persistent asthma, but comparative long-term studies in adult patient with moderate persistent asthma is needed. A randomized and prospective study was undertaken to find out the efficacy of montelukast as add on to β2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroids in patients of moderate persistent asthma. Methods: This was a continuous, longitudinal, prospective study carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Newly diagnosed patients of moderate persistent asthma attending the chest out patient department (OPD) were enrolled. Group I was treated with salbutamol 200 mcg rotacap SOS and formoterol 6 mcg + budesonide 400 mcg rotacap BD. In addition to these medicines group II also received montelukast 10 mg OD. The patients were followed up every two months. Clinical examination and pulmonary function tests (PFT) were carried out at baseline and during each visit. Unpaired ‘t’ test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Comparison of clinical symptoms revealed a better improvement in group II as compare to group I [cough - 83% vs. 33%; breathlessness - 75% vs. 33%; and wheezing - 83% vs. 78%] at the end of one year. A significantly better (p < 0.05) improvement in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) was also observed in group II. Conclusions: Treatment with montelukast leads to better improvement in clinical symptoms and PFT in the patients of moderate persistent asthma.

Knowledge and attitude towards the use of emergency contraceptive pills among college students.

Background: Emergency contraception is applied to prevent pregnancy after 72-120 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse. Emergency contraceptive (EC) pill is used to reduce unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion. EC pill is available as OTC in India since 2005. As EC pill highly used among adolescents we carried out to this study among college students. Methods: The study was conducted among female college students. A pre-validated questionnaire was used as tool for the study. It contains consent form and questions knowledge and attitude regarding EC pill. Results: We divided students into group A (medical, paramedical and pharmacy colleges) and group B (nonmedical colleges like science, arts and engineering). In group A 470 and group B 280 students were participated. Knowledge about appropriate time of taking EC pill (within 72 hours after sexual intercourse) was 44% in group A which is significant than 15% in group B. Knowledge about brand name, availability cost and side effects were more in group A than group B. Electronic media was the most common source of information mentioned by both the groups. Attitude regarding advice to use of EC pill to other was more in group A than group B. Conclusions: Knowledge about use of EC pill was higher in group A than group B. Attitude was not positive regarding availability of EC pill as OTC. So education about EC pill among young population is necessary.

Anthropometric profile and special judo fitness levels of Indian judo players

Judo is a complex sport where different anthropological parameters determine performance. Judo, as a sport is not well known in India. There is evident lack of data concerning the anthropological determinants of judo players. This study was conducted to determine the anthropometric profile and Special Judo Fitness levels of judokas. This cross sectional study was conducted on 31 judo players. Anthropometric profile was assessed by measuring height, weight, body mass index, body circumferences at seven sites, seven site skin fold thickness and body fat percentage as per standard accepted protocol. Special Judo Fitness Test - a specific test to evaluate the judo athlete's physical condition was applied. Statistical analysis done using Students unpaired 't' test and correlation by Karl Pearson correlation coefficient. Out of 31 judo players 20 had 5 yrs of judo [B group]. Anthropometric findings of both the judo groups were same. Body fat has negative correlation [r =-0.690, P<0.05] with performance in SJFT. Observations during and after specific test were also similar. Long term training has a minimal effect on anthropometry. Judo athletes of similar age when submitted to the same training type tend to show equal performance in the game and the fitness levels after certain years of training. We also confirm existence of negative correlation between body fat and performance

Changing pattern of nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus in undergraduate medical students.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in nosocomial infections (4-6,17,19). Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is now considered a well defined risk factor for subsequent infections in various groups of patients (5,8,12,19). Nasal carriage of the pathogen among hospital personnel is an important source of nosocomial infection (1.3.18). Very few dedicated studies have investigated the nasal carriage state among medical students (3,18,21). Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal flora of medical students, with or without varying degrees of clinical exposures were determined in our study. Nasal cultures from these students demonstrated a significantly increasing rate of colonization of Staphylococcus aureus with increased clinical exposure and also a corresponding increase in Methicillin resistance.

Nationwide reference data for height, weight and body mass index of Indian schoolchildren.

Background. The assessment of growth is crucial for child care and reference data are central to growth monitoring. We aimed to assess the height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of Indian schoolchildren in order to develop genderappropriate growth charts for children 5–18 years of age. Methods. Cross-sectional evaluation of anthropometric parameters (height, weight and BMI) was done in Indian schoolchildren (3–18 years) randomly selected from both fee-paying (upper socioeconomic strata) and non-fee paying (lower socioeconomic strata) schools from 4 regions (north, south, east and west) of India. A total of 106 843 children were evaluated, of which 42 214 children (19 303 boys, 22 911 girls) were from the lower socioeconomic strata and 64 629 children (34 411 boys, 30 218 girls) were from the upper socioeconomic strata. Normative charts, using the lambda–mu–sigma (LMS) method to smoothen the curves, were drawn from children belonging to the upper socioeconomic strata, in view of the gross discrepancy between the two socioeconomic strata. Results. Height, weight and BMI percentile (3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th and 97th) data were calculated and charts generated. The height of boys and girls was consistently higher at all ages when compared with earlier India data, but the final height was 2–4 cm lower than that reported in the WHO multicentre study of 2007. Weight centiles showed a rising trend both in boys and girls compared not only to earlier Indian data published in 1992, but also to that reported by the WHO multicentre study. The median weight at all ages in both boys and girls was approximately 4 kg more than that reported in affluent Indian children two decades earlier. Conclusion. This large nationwide study indicates secular trends in height, weight and BMI in Indian children from the upper socioeconomic strata. We suggest that the height and weight percentiles reported by us may be used as reference standards for India.

Effects of Duration of Diabetes on Behavioural and Cognitive Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Juvenile Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetic encephalopathy is a recently recognised complication of early-onset type 1 diabetes in children. The abnormalities underlying diabetic encephalopathy are complex and poorly understood, and the impact of disease duration on behavioural and cognitive parameters also remains unclear. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of different durations of hyperglycaemia on behavioural and cognitive parameters in young streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in young, weaned, age-matched rat pups by streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally). Diabetic status was confirmed on post-natal day 30. The rats were tested in the elevated plus maze 10 and 2o days after diabetes induction. Results: Diabetic rats had significantly impaired behavioural and cognitive functions compared with age-matched controls. Increased anxiety levels and cognitive deficits were observed in rats that had been diabetic for 20 days compared with their 10-day counterparts. Conclusion: It is essential to diagnose and treat early-onset type 1 diabetes in young children to prevent irreversible cognitive dysfunction.

Involvement of opioid, adenosine and 5-HT3 receptors in antinociceptive effects of an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation in rats and mice employing the tail immersion test and acetic acid-induced writhing test, respectively. With the tail immersion method, rats received two different doses [270 and 405 mg/kg BW, p.o.] of a formulation, pethidine [5.4 mg/kg BW, p.o.] as a reference standard and the combination of the higher dose of the formulation with naloxone [2 mg/kg, i.p.], an opioid receptor antagonist, and caffeine [16 mg/kg, i.p.], used as an adenosine receptor antagonist. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, mice received two different doses [390 and 585 mg/kg, BW, p.o.] of formulation, diclofenac sodium [15 mg/kg, BW, p.o.] as a reference standard and the combination of the higher dose of the polyherbal formulation with ondansetron [0.5 mg/kg, i.p.], a serotonin receptor antagonist. The polyherbal formulation [405 mg/kg] exhibited a significant [p < 0.01] antinociceptive effect using the tail immersion method. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the formulation showed significant [p < 0.01] dose-dependent activity. The antinociceptive effect of the polyherbal formulation apparently involved an opiate-like mechanism, since its antinociceptive action was attenuated by naloxone pretreatment. In addition, antinociceptive activity was attenuated by caffeine and reversed by ondansetron pretreatment. Our data suggest that the polyherbal formulation possessed centrally and peripherally mediated antinociceptive properties. The activity could be mediated through opioid, adenosine, and serotonin receptors and via inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase- and/or lipoxygenase-dependent pathways

Neomycin robertson’s cooked meat medium (N.RCM) for the selective isolation of anaerobes.

As Robertson’s cooked meat medium (RCM) promotes the simultaneous multiplication of facultative anaerobes along with anaerobes, it may be interfered with the isolation rate of anaerobes. In the present study RCM was made selective to overcome this difficulty by the incorporation of Neomycin. The efficacy of modified RCM was evaluated by growing stock cultures of various anaerobes and aerobes well as by inoculating clinical specimen directly and comparing the results with routine RCM. Among the 160 stock cultures of aerobes 8 of the 28 neomycin resistant aerobes grew in N.RCM but none of the 132 neomycin sensitive aerobes. Out of the 150 clinical samples tested in the study,77 anaerobes and 97 aerobes were isolated from routine RCM whereas 89 anaerobes and 8 Neomycin resistant aerobes from NRCM (i.e. NRCM inhibited 91.7% of aerobes and gave an increased yield of 13.5% anaerobes).These findings suggest that NRCM can be employed to suppress the aerobes and at the same time to enhance the isolation of anaerobes.

Anti-ulcer and antioxidant activity of GutGardTM.

The present study was undertaken to determine the anti-ulcer and antioxidant potential of GutGardTM, a standardized extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra commonly known as licorice. Effect of various doses (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, po) of GutGardTM was studied on gastric ulcers in pylorus ligation-, cold-restraint stress- and indomethacin induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated by measuring the ulcer index, gastric content, total acidity, and pH of gastric fluid. GutGardTM dose dependently decreased gastric content, total acidity, ulcer index and increased pH of gastric fluid in pylorus ligation ulcer model. In cold-restraint stress- and indomethacin induced ulcer models all the doses of GutGardTM decreased the ulcer index and increased the pH of gastric fluid. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. GutGardTM exhibited potent antioxidant activity with high hydrophilic and lipophilic ORAC value. GutGardTM possessed anti-ulcerogenic properties that might be afforded via cytoprotective mechanism by virtue of its antioxidant properties. These results supported the ethnomedical uses of licorice in the treatment of gastric ulcer.

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia associated with HBsAg-positive child: a case report.

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare hemorrhagic disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding time and diminished clot retraction. The disease is marked by frequent mucocutaneous hemorrhage which is mainly due to qualitative defects of platelets. A case of a 14-year-old HBsAg-positive adolescent male with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia has been presented.